The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC, is a huge system of currents in the Atlantic Ocean. It moves warm surface water northward and returns colder deep water southward, helping to shape climate in Europe, North America, and beyond. Because of this, even a gradual slowdown matters. (oceanservice.noaa.gov)
A 2021 study, the one linked in your theme, argued that the weakening may have started surprisingly early. Using sea-surface temperature patterns and other climate data, the authors estimated that the AMOC began to weaken in the late nineteenth century and declined by about 3.7 ± 1.0 Sverdrups from 1854 to 2016. They also suggested this historical weakening was larger than many model simulations showed. In other words, the slowdown may have started earlier, and been stronger, than scientists once expected. (epic.awi.de)
Recent research gives more reason to pay attention. A Science Advances study published on April 10, 2026 found a consistent decline in the deep western part of the circulation across four observing lines in the North Atlantic over the past two decades. Meanwhile, the RAPID observing program, which has tracked the AMOC since 2004, reported in September 2025 that its overall weakening trend remained about -0.9 ± 0.7 Sverdrups per decade. NOAA researchers also say the AMOC weakened strongly in the 2000s, although that decline seems to have paused since the early 2010s because natural climate variability temporarily pushed in the opposite direction. (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
So, is the Atlantic current weakening faster than expected? The best answer is: partly yes, but the story is complicated. Observations suggest that weakening is real and may have begun earlier than many people thought. At the same time, newer model studies do not support the idea of an immediate collapse. A 2025 Nature study found that a complete AMOC collapse is unlikely this century in the climate models it examined, and another 2025 study estimated a more limited weakening of roughly 3 to 6 Sverdrups, or about 18% to 43%, by 2100. So the AMOC is not “fine” — but it is also not a simple disaster movie. It is a slow, serious change that scientists are still racing to measure and understand. (nature.com)










