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冥王星の向こうにある小さな氷の天体が独自の大気を持っている可能性——科学者たちにもその理由は説明できない

A Tiny Icy World Beyond Pluto May Have Its Own Atmosphere—and Scientists Can't Explain Why

冥王星の先にある直径わずか500kmの小天体に、極めて薄い大気が存在する可能性が浮上。太陽系の外縁部に潜む驚きの発見とは。
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Can a tiny world far past Pluto have air around it? A new study says maybe yes. The object is called 2002 XV93. It is a small, icy body beyond Neptune, only about 500 kilometers wide. On May 4, 2026, scientists reported evidence that it has a very thin atmosphere. If this result is confirmed, 2002 XV93 would be the first trans-Neptunian object other than Pluto known to have one, and the smallest object yet with a clearly detected global atmosphere. (nature.com)

How did scientists find this? On January 10, 2024, 2002 XV93 passed in front of a distant star as seen from Japan. Astronomers watched the star with telescopes at several places. If the icy world had no atmosphere, the starlight should have disappeared suddenly. But the light faded and returned more smoothly. That kind of change can happen when light passes through a thin layer of gas. (nao.ac.jp)

This is not “air” like Earth’s air. The possible atmosphere is extremely thin, about 5 million to 10 million times thinner than Earth’s atmosphere, and much thinner than Pluto’s. Scientists say the gas could be methane, nitrogen, or carbon monoxide. That is one reason the discovery is so surprising: such a small, cold object should have trouble keeping gas around it for long. (apnews.com)

So where did the gas come from? Researchers think there are two main ideas. One is that ice volcanoes, sometimes called cryovolcanoes, may have brought gas from inside the object up to the surface. The other is that a comet or another small icy body hit 2002 XV93 and released gas. The team says the atmosphere may last less than 1,000 years unless new gas keeps replacing it. Other scientists also say the result still needs independent confirmation. Even so, this possible atmosphere is exciting because it shows that the far outer solar system may be more active and more mysterious than we once believed. (nao.ac.jp)

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作成:2026/05/08 03:01
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