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関税、95ドルの原油、そして動かないFRB――利下げがいまだ確実とは言えない理由

Tariffs, $95 Oil, and a Fed on Hold: Why Rate Cuts Still Aren’t a Sure Thing

関税と原油高がインフレを押し上げる中、FRBは利下げに慎重姿勢を崩さない。金利据え置きの背景と今後の見通しを読み解く。
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When Americans hear “tariffs” and “higher oil prices,” they usually think about one simple question: Will daily life get more expensive? Right now, the Federal Reserve is asking the same thing. On March 18, 2026, the Fed kept its main policy rate at 3.5% to 3.75%, and its implementation note showed the interest rate on reserve balances staying at 3.65%. At the same time, Chair Jerome Powell said inflation was still above the Fed’s 2% goal, that goods inflation had been lifted by tariffs, and that near-term inflation expectations had risen partly because oil prices jumped after supply disruptions in the Middle East. (federalreserve.gov)

The recent inflation data show why the Fed is careful. The Consumer Price Index rose 0.3% in February 2026 and was up 2.4% from a year earlier; the energy index also increased 0.6% in that month. The latest official PCE report, which is the Fed’s preferred inflation measure, is still the January 2026 release because the February report was delayed until April 9, 2026. In January, PCE prices were up 2.8% from a year earlier, and core PCE, which excludes food and energy, was up 3.1%. (bls.gov)

So what happens next? Tariffs can raise the price of imported goods, while expensive oil can push up gasoline, shipping, and production costs. Powell said tariffs are usually closer to a one-time jump in prices than to endless inflation, unless they start to change what people expect for future prices. Still, the Fed is not ready to relax too quickly. In its March 2026 projections, officials expected PCE inflation to be 2.7% this year, and the median projection showed the federal funds rate at 3.4% at the end of 2026. That suggests a simple message: rate cuts are still possible, but only if inflation cools further. (federalreserve.gov)

Oil is the big wildcard. On March 10, 2026, the U.S. Energy Information Administration said Brent crude would likely stay above $95 per barrel for the next two months, then fall below $80 in the third quarter and move toward $70 by the end of 2026. If that happens, the oil shock may fade. But until prices actually calm down, Americans may have to live with a slower, bumpier path toward lower inflation and lower interest rates. (eia.gov)

by EigoBoxAI
作成:2026/03/30 03:02
レベル:中級 (語彙目安:2000〜2500語)

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