In 2023, Japan's birthrate fell below 800,000, marking the lowest number since records began. This decline is happening at an alarming rate, affecting the sustainability of Japanese society. The fertility rate dropped to 1.26, much lower than the 2.07 needed to maintain the population. This situation leads to a shrinking workforce, concerns about social security, and declining communities. Several factors contribute to this issue, including later marriages and economic insecurity. The average age for first marriages has risen to 31 for men and 29.4 for women, with more people remaining unmarried by age 50. High costs of education and housing, along with unstable incomes due to non-regular employment, increase anxiety about having children. Additionally, balancing work and childcare is difficult due to long working hours and insufficient childcare facilities. To address these challenges, Japan is promoting policies like improving childcare support, reforming work styles, and providing economic assistance. On a personal level, individuals can focus on work-life balance, share household responsibilities, and engage in community activities to improve the environment for raising children. Learning from countries like France and Sweden, which have succeeded in boosting their birthrates through strong childcare support and flexible work reforms, can offer valuable insights for Japan.